Umushinga ni igikorwa ishyirahamwe cyangwa umunu kugiti cye atekereza kuzakora mugihe kizaza kugirango akemure ibibazo bye cyangwa iby'abandi umushinga wagenewe.
Ni ukuvuga ko umushinga uwo ariwo wose uba ufite ibibazo ushaka gukemura haba ku muntu kugiti cye, ku ishyirahamwe ndetse no kukarere.
Ni ngombwa rero kumenya ibibazo mbere yo guhitamo umushinga, nawo ukaza ije gkemura bimwe muri ibyo bibazo.
Niyo mpamvu gukora umushinga atari uuhubuka ngo ni uko kanaka nawe yawukoze, hagomba igihe cyo kuwutekerezaho ndetse ukanabishyira no munyandiko, ukabara ukareba ikigereranyo cy'imyungukire yawo.
Amoko y'imishinga ishobora kuboneka mubihugu bikiri munzira y'amajyambere:
Hari amoko menshi y'imishinga ishobora kuboneka cyanecyane mu bihugu bikiri munzira y'amajyambere uhereye kubintu bitandukanye:
Ku rwego rw'ibikorwa, hari imishinga y'ubuhinzi, iy'ubucuruzi,iy'ubworozi, iy'ubukorikori n'iyindi...
Ku rwego rw'igihe umushinga uzamara, hari imishinga y'igihe gito,iy'igihe giciriritse n'iy'igihe kirekire.
Ku rwego k'uko umushinga ungana, har imishinga mito,iciriritse n'iminini.
Hari kandi n'imishinga ibyara inyungu y'amafaranfa n'indi itabyara inyungu y'amafaranga nko kurihira umwana ishuri, gusana inzu yo guturamo n'ibindi,........
Muri iki kice cya nyuma niho dusanga imishinga minini ikorwa na Leta urugero ni imishinga y'amajyambere (amazi meza, amavuriro, amashuri, imihanda n'ibindi...)
Iyi mishinga yose iba ifitiye banyirayo cyangwa abatuye akarere akamaro ariko ugasanga inyungu nini ari iyo twakwita inyungu mbonezamubano.
Iyi mishinga yose rero igomba gutekerezwaho neza mbere yo kuyitangira.
Muri iyi nyandiko turibanda cyane cyane ku mishinga mito ndetse n'iciriritse ibyara inyungu.
Kuki ari ngombwa kwiga umushinga mbere yo kuwutangira?
a) Kuruhande rw'umuntu ushaka gukora umushinga:
Igikorwa icyo aricyo cyose ni ngombwa kugitekerezaho kuburyo burambuye mbere yo kugitangira.
Ni muri urwo rwego rero umuntu ugiye gutangira umushinga ubyara inyungu agomba kugira ibintu bimwe na bimwe yibaaho kugirango :
- Yirinde ibizamuhombya; Ibidakenewe,ibirenze amikoro ye n'ay'abo umushinga ugenewe,
- Ashobore guhitamo umushinga ubyara inyungu ihagije;
- Ashobore guhitamo umushinga unogeye benshi,mu gihe cyiza, ahantu nyaho,ibiciro nyabyo;
- Atekereze ku micungire y'umushinga, kumenya ibikoresho ufite,kumenya imari ushobora gushora, kumenya abakozi,....
b) Kuruhande rw'umuntu utera inkunga cyangwa utanga inguzanyo:
- Kugirango uhitemo umushinga ukwiye inkunga cyangwa induzanyo kurusha indi
- Kugirango amenye neza ibikenewe byose mu mushinga kugirango utungane bihagije; nyirawo, isoko, imari ishorwamo,abakozi, ibikoresho n'ibindi.......
- Kunguzanyo haba hanarebwa niba umushinga uzashobora kwiyishyura ukagira icyo usigira nyirawo kandi ukaba ifite n'ingwate zihagije
- Muri rusange hanasuzumwa akamaro k'umushinga kuri nyirawo, akarere, igihugu,
Umushinga mwiza ni ufitiye nyirawo akamaro n'abandi kuruhande.
- Haba ihitamo rishingiye ku myungukire bityo nyir'umushinga n'abamutera inkunga bakamenya imiterere bakamenya imiterere yawo kuri iyo ngingo fatizo.